Nestled on the scenic slopes of Mount Alvand near Hamadan, Ganjnameh is a breathtaking site where history, nature, and mystery converge. This ancient gem captivates visitors with its awe-inspiring cuneiform rock carvings, serene waterfall, and panoramic views.
Ganjnameh dates back to the Achaemenid Empire, specifically to the reign of Xerxes I (486–466 BC). The site once stood along an important route connecting Hegmataneh Hill (ancient Ecbatana, the summer capital of the Achaemenids) to Babylon. These rock inscriptions were not only historical records but visual tributes meant for passing travelers and soldiers.
The name Ganjnameh translates to “Treasure Book”, a fitting title for a place so rich in cultural and historical meaning. The carvings are etched into a massive granite rock wall, each measuring 2 meters high and 3 meters wide, and are protected by carved niches to shield them from weather damage.
There are two main panels:
Left Panel: Dedicated to Darius the Great
Right Panel: Honors Xerxes I
Each inscription is engraved in three ancient languages: Old Persian, Elamite, and Neo-Babylonian. These texts were created as offerings to Ahura Mazda, the supreme god in Zoroastrianism, and reflect royal beliefs, authority, and the divine mandate of kingship.
In addition to the historical inscriptions, Ganjnameh is renowned for its 9-meter-high waterfall, which flows year-round. In the summer, it becomes a cool retreat and picnic spot; in winter, the frozen waterfall transforms into a dream destination for ice climbing.
Surrounded by the towering Alvand Mountain (3,580 meters high), it is also a popular entry point for trekking and nature exploration. The site is especially scenic in spring and autumn, when the landscape comes alive with color.
To enhance your visit, offers tourist-friendly amenities, including:
Restaurants and cafés
Walking trails
A small amusement zone
The Ganjnameh Aquarium Cave, a man-made attraction ideal for families and children
This site is open to visitors year-round:
Spring & Summer: 8:00 a.m. – 10:00 p.m.
Autumn & Winter: 10:00 a.m. – 8:00 p.m.
Whether you’re a history enthusiast or a nature lover, Ganjnameh promises an unforgettable experience.
To learn more about the history and nature of Ganjnameh, visit the official Visit Iran website.
