Tang-e Chogan (also spelled Tang-e Chowgan) is one of the most significant Sasanian historical sites in Iran, located near the ancient city of Bishapur, close to Kazerun in Fars Province. This scenic gorge is famous for its remarkable rock reliefs carved during the Sasanian era, making it one of the richest concentrations of Sasanian bas-reliefs in the country.
The name Chogan (also known as polo) is believed to originate from the tradition that Sasanian kings played polo in this wide valley, using it as both a ceremonial and recreational ground.
Tang-e Chogan dates back to the 3rd century CE, during the height of the Sasanian Empire. The site is closely connected to the nearby ancient city of Bishapur, which was founded by Shapur I, one of the most powerful Sasanian kings.
To the west of the gorge lies the famous Shapur Cave, which contains a monumental six-meter-high statue of Shapur I, carved approximately 1,700 years ago. This statue remains one of the few free-standing Sasanian sculptures still standing today.
Tang-e Chogan is particularly renowned for its six major rock reliefs, depicting important political, military, and religious events from the reigns of Shapur I, Bahram I, and Bahram II. These reliefs are larger and more detailed than many other Sasanian carvings found across Iran.
The reliefs of Tang-e Chogan are carved on both sides of the Shapur River and are arranged as follows:
Four reliefs on the northern side
Two reliefs on the southern side
Each major relief features complex scenes with more than thirty figures, highlighting royal power, victory, and divine legitimacy.
Located on the left bank of the Shapur River, this relief commemorates Shapur I’s victory over the Roman Empire. The Roman Emperor Gordian III is shown crushed beneath the horse of Shapur I. The composition symbolically emphasizes Sasanian dominance over Rome.
In this relief, Shapur I appears mounted on horseback at the center of the scene, holding Emperor Valerian with his right hand. Philip the Arab is depicted kneeling before the Sasanian king. Above the scene, a winged figure—symbolizing divine glory (khvarenah)—is shown hovering in the air.
Carved on the right side of the Shapur River, this is the most elaborate relief of Shapur I. It features nearly 100 soldiers, with Shapur on horseback at the center, capturing Valerian.
On the right: 71 Iranian generals arranged in five rows
On the left: Roman troops, also on horseback
Above the relief, symbolic elements such as crowns, lions, and coins emphasize royal authority and triumph.
This relief depicts Bahram II defeating internal rebels. The king is shown with a winged crown, a long beard, and traditional Sasanian attire. Arab dignitaries appear in front of him, offering gifts such as horses and camels.
In this scene, Bahram II sits on the royal throne, portrayed larger than the surrounding figures.
To his right: Sasanian courtiers paying homage
To his left: Two captives being presented
Behind the king, ten elders are carved, and at the far end of the relief, an elephant can be seen—an unusual and symbolic element in Sasanian art.
The sixth and final relief, carved on the right side of the Shapur River, depicts the coronation of Bahram I. This relief is considered one of the most artistic and detailed Sasanian carvings.
The dynamic movement of garments, the fine detailing of horses, and even the veins on the animals’ legs demonstrate exceptional craftsmanship. In this relief:
Bahram I appears on horseback wearing his royal crown
Ahura Mazda, also crowned, faces him on horseback
The scene symbolizes divine legitimacy and the sacred nature of kingship in Sasanian ideology.
Location: Near Bishapur, Kazerun, Fars Province
Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn
Visiting Hours:
Spring & Summer: 7:30 a.m. – 8:00 p.m.
Autumn & Winter: 8:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m.
For more information on Tang-e Chogan, one of Iran’s most remarkable Sasanian rock reliefs near Bishapur, explore this detailed article by Tehran Times.
