Behestan Castle, located about 120 kilometers northwest of Zanjan near the village of Behestan, is a rugged fortress carved into a natural cliffside. For centuries, it has silently stood as a symbol of strength and resilience.
The origins of Behestan Castle are generally traced back to the Sassanid era (224–651 CE), although some evidence suggests it may have been built on even older foundations. Over time, different rulers expanded and reinforced the structure. The castle played a vital defensive role, particularly during the 5th and 7th centuries, standing against invasions and conflicts in the region.
The Ghezel Ozan River, one of northwestern Iran’s most important waterways, has nourished cities and supported cultural and commercial centers for centuries. Two UNESCO World Heritage Sites—Takht-e Soleyman and the Soltanieh Dome—also flourished thanks to this river. Along its banks rises Behestan Castle, another historic jewel of the region.
Ingeniously carved into a natural rock cliff, the castle is structured on multiple levels:
The upper levels were used for defense.
The lower levels stored food and supplies.
Inside, visitors find a maze of rooms, staircases, and corridors. Some rooms feature flat ceilings, while others have cone-shaped domes.
From the outside, the castle’s weathered façade looks unusual and mysterious, resembling rows of chimneys with hollowed openings. Although centuries of erosion have taken their toll, much of its imposing form remains.
The best time to explore Behestan Castle is in spring and summer, when the surrounding valleys and hillsides are lush and green. Visitors are advised to come during daylight hours for both safety and the best experience. Wearing sturdy climbing shoes is highly recommended, as parts of the castle require careful footing.
A journey to Behestan Castle is not just a historical visit—it is a chance to step back in time, experiencing a rare blend of human engineering and nature’s natural defenses.
For further information on Behestan Castle, you can refer to the Iran Daily article for historical insights and explore the Mehr News Agency coverage for a rich collection of photographs.
