The Statue of Hercules, located near the Bistun Monument in Kermanshah, Iran, is a rare surviving relic from the Parthian and Seleucid eras. Recognized as a UNESCO-registered national treasure, the statue is one of the few remaining artifacts from these historical periods, though some surrounding elements were damaged during modern construction work.
The statue of Hercules was accidentally discovered in 1950 during the construction of the Kermanshah-Hamedan road. At that time, cultural heritage preservation lacked strong support, leading to intense debates to halt the road project. Ultimately, the road was rerouted to protect the historical complex of Bistun and allow for further archaeological discoveries.
It is believed that the statue was constructed in 153 BC, during the mid-reign of Mithridates I of Parthia (174–136 BC). This remarkable artifact reflects the artistic and cultural sophistication of the Parthian period.
The statue depicts a naked male figure with curly hair and a beard, reclining on the skin of a lion while resting on one elbow. In one hand, he holds a cup, symbolizing strength and ritual significance. The figure measures 1.47 meters in length and is positioned on a 2.20-meter-long stone platform. It was meticulously carved from mountain stones and securely connected to the rock face from behind.
Behind the statue, detailed reliefs are carved into the mountain. These include:
An olive tree with visible marks of arrows and bows on its branches
A prominent cone-shaped mace
Additional motifs accompanied by an inscription in Greek script, carved on a tablet reminiscent of Greek temple inscriptions, measuring 43 x 33 meters, and written in seven lines
The statue’s combination of Greek and Parthian artistic influences highlights the cultural exchanges in the region during the Seleucid and Parthian periods. It remains a significant archaeological and cultural symbol, offering insight into ancient Iranian art, religion, and history.
For detailed historical and cultural information about the Statue of Hercules, visit Encyclopaedia Iranica.
